CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM & DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABETES
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) introduced in 1997, an etiologically based classification system and diagnostic criteria for diabetes, which were updated in 2010.
Types of diabetes based on cause are type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus,
latent autoimmune diabetes,
maturity-onset diabetes of youth,
miscellaneous causes.
By far, the most prevalent cause is type 2 diabetes, which accounts for approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes.
Criteria for diagnosis include measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, fasting or random blood glucose levels, or results from oral glucose tolerance testing.
Diagnosis could be made as having 2 separate occasions of fasting blood glucose levels of at least 126 mg/dL after an 8-hour fast. Other criteria are random blood glucose level of at least 200 mg/dL in the presence of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, fatigue, or other characteristic symptoms of diabetes. Testing of random glucose level can be used for screening and diagnosis, but sensitivity is only 39% to 55%.
Measurement of of HbA1c level, is useful both for diagnosis and screening. Diabetes can be diagnosed from a level of at least 6.5% on 2 separate occasions.
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